Scriptures inculcate that holy company (Satsanga) is necessary for the growth of one’s spiritual life. But then how is one to recognize a holy man?
It is true that holy company is the
most important factor in the generation and strengthening of faith and
devotion. It is also true that real holy men are very rare. The ideal of a holy
man is described in the Bhagavata as follows:
Wise men say that intense attachment of the mind to objects
is bondage. But when such attachment is felt for holy men, it becomes an open
gate to liberation. Holy men are persons endowed with equanimity in all ups and
downs of life. They are full of mercy and friendliness to all. They are serene
in temperament and they have no enemies. Their goodness is their ornament. They
practise firm devotion characterized by the attitude of dependence on Me and Me
alone. They consecrate all their actions to Me and they abandon all their
relatives and clansmen for My sake. They hear of, and discourse on, My glories
and attributes, which purify those who hear them. Those who are thus devoted to
Me are never troubled by the various ills of life. Persons of the above
description, who have abandoned worldly attachments, are holy men. By getting
oneself attached to such persons, one overcomes attachments oneself.
It is seen from the above that a Sadhu (holy man) is one
who is full of benevolence and good will to all, who is not self-centred or
self-aggrandizing, who is above all attachments, who is free from all
restlessness and disappointments, who practises resignation to God, who is
serene and who is always engaged in thinking of or speaking of the Lord and
serving Him. One can measure men with this standard of holiness given by
Bhagavata and form one’s own judgement. This is an ideal and, though we come
across only very imperfect examples of it in actual life, it can none the less
serve us as a touchstone.
But what people ordinarily do is not to accept any such
scriptural standard, but to follow standards based on one’s own preconceived
notions. Often miracle-working, capacity for prediction, curing of diseases,
etc are taken as criteria for holiness. The possession of such powers only
shows that the persons concerned have attained psychic development. Psychic
power is just like any of the worldly powers we are aware of—muscular power,
financial power, intellectual power etc. Real holy men, even if they possess
such powers as a side effect of their Sadhana, never use them, much less
display them. It is said that though Sri Ramakrishna possessed Ashtasiddhis
(eightfold powers), he eschewed them as spiritually very abhorrent, and never
used them. He went about as a common man from the point of view of psychic
powers, but lived the life of true holiness as depicted in the Bhagavata verses
quoted above. So power-seekers never went to him, but God-seekers and
devotion-seekers gathered round him, and they got what they wanted.